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1 zarlink semiconductor inc. zarlink, zl and the zarlink semiconductor logo are trademarks of zarlink semiconductor inc. copyright 2004, zarlink semiconductor inc. all rights reserved. features ? conforms to ebu specification for dvb-s and directv specification for dss ? on-chip digital filtering supports 1 - 45 msps symbol rates ? on-chip 60 or 90 mhz dual-adc ? high speed scanning mode for blind symbol rate/code rate acquisition ? automatic spectral inversion resolution ? high level software interface for minimum development time ? up to 22.5 mhz lnb frequency tracking ? diseqc? v2.2: receive/transmit for full control of lnb, dish and other components ? compact 64-pin lqfp package (7 x 7 mm) ? a full dvb-s front-end reference design is available, ref. zle10538 applications ? dvb 1 - 45 msps compliant satellite receivers ? dss 20 msps compliant satellite receivers ? smatv (single master antenna tv) trans- modulators ? satellite pc applications description the zl10313 is a qpsk/bpsk 1 - 45 msps demodulator and channel decoder for digital satellite television transmissions to the european broadcast union ets 300 421 specificat ion. it receives analogue i and q signals from the tu ner, digitises and digitally demodulates this signal, implements the complete dvb/dss fec (forward error correction) and de- scrambling function. the output is in the form of mpeg2 or dss transport stream data packets. the zl10313 also provides automatic gain control to the rf front-end device. the zl10313 has a serial 2-wire bus interface to the control microprocessor. minimal software is required to control the zl10313 because of the built in automatic search and decode control functions. november 2004 ordering information zl10313qcg 64 pin lqfp trays, bake & drypack zl10313qcg1 64 pin lqfp* trays, bake & drypack ZL10313UBH die supplied in wafer form** *pb free matte tin ** please contact sales for further details 0 c to +70 c zl10313 satellite demodulator data sheet figure 1 - functional block diagram i i/p q i/p dual adc de-rotator decimation filtering timing recovery matched filter phase recovery mpeg/ dss packets bus i/o 2-wire bus interface acquisition control clock generation analog agc control dvb dss fec
zl10313 data sheet 2 zarlink semiconductor inc. figure 2 - zl10313 pin allocation notes: all supply pins must be connected as they are not all commoned internally. pin table no. name no. name no. name no. name 1 reset 17 cvdd 33 gnd 49 mdo[1] 2 diseqc[2] 1 1. can be programmed to be miclk (mpeg input clock) instead. 18 gnd 34 cvdd 50 cvdd 3diseqc[1]19 xti 35 addr[1] 51 gnd 4 diseqc[0] 20 xto 36 addr[2] 52 mdo[2] 5 vdd 21 gnd 37 addr[3] 53 mdo[3] 6 gnd 22 cvdd 38 addr[4] 54 gnd 7 cvdd 23 gnd 39 vdd 55 vdd 8 gnd 24 iin 40 gnd 56 mdo[4] 9 sleep 25 iin 41 agc 57 mdo[5] 10 clk1 26 gnd 42 test 58 gnd 11 data1 27 vdd 43 irq 1 59 cvdd 12 cvdd 28 gnd 44 cvdd 60 mdo[6] 13 gnd 29 qin 45 gnd 61 mdo[7] 14 data2 30 qin 46 mostrt 62 moclk 15 clk2 31 gnd 47 moval 63 bkerr 16 oscmode 32 cvdd 48 mdo[0] 64 status
zl10313 data sheet table of contents 3 zarlink semiconductor inc. 1.0 application diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.0 functional overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 analogue-to-digital converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 qpsk demodulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.4 forward error correction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4.1 viterbi error count measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4.1.1 viterbi error count coarse indication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.4.2 the frame alignment block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.4.3 the de-interleaver block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.4.3.1 dvb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.4.3.2 dss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.4.4 the reed-solomon decoder block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.4.5 the energy dispersal (de-scrambler) block, dvb only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.4.6 output stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.5 control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.5.1 symbol rate and code rate search mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 2.6 diseqc transmit and receive messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.6.1 diseqc transmitting messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.6.2 diseqc receiving messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.0 microprocessor control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.1 radd: 2-wire register address (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.2 primary 2-wire bus interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.3 secondary 2-wire bus for tuner control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.0 electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.1 recommended operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.2 absolute maximum ratings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.3 primary 2-wire bus timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.4 crystal specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.5 electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.6 zl10313 pinout description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.7 alphabetical listing of pin-out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5.0 references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 6.0 trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
zl10313 data sheet list of figures 4 zarlink semiconductor inc. figure 1 - functional block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 figure 2 - zl10313 pin allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 figure 3 - zl10313 functional block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 figure 4 - typical application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 figure 5 - viterbi block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 figure 6 - viterbi error count measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 figure 7 - viterbi error count coarse indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 figure 8 - dvb conceptual diagram of the convolutional de-interleaver block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 figure 9 - dss conceptual diagram of the convolutional de-interleaver block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 figure 10 - dvb block structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 figure 11 - dvb energy dispersal conceptual diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 figure 12 - dvb energy dispersal conceptua l diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 figure 13 - zl10313 control structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 figure 14 - primary 2-wire bus timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 figure 15 - crystal oscillator circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
zl10313 data sheet 5 zarlink semiconductor inc. overview the zl10313 is a qpsk/bpsk 1 - 45 msps demodulator and channel decoder for digital satellite television transmissions compliant to both dvb-s and dss standards and other systems, such as lmds, that use the same architecture. a command driven control (cdc) system is provided maki ng the zl10313 very simple to program. after the tuner has been programmed to the required frequency to acqui re a dvb transmission, t he zl10313 requires a minimum of five registers to be written. the zl10313 provides a monitor of bit error rate afte r the qpsk module and also after the viterbi module. for receiver installation, a high speed scan or 'blind search' mo de is available. this allows all signals from a given satellite to be evaluated for frequency, symbol rate and co nvolutional coding scheme. th e phase of the iq signals can be automatically determined. full diseqc is provided for both writing and reading di seqc messages. storage in registers for up to eight data bytes sent and eight data bytes received is provided. figure 3 - zl10313 functional block diagram i i/p q i/p dual adc de-rotator decimation filtering timing recovery matched filter phase recovery mpeg/ dss packets bus i/o 2-wire bus interface acquisition control clock generation analog agc control dvb dss fec
zl10313 data sheet 6 zarlink semiconductor inc. additional features ? 2-wire bus microprocessor interface ? all-digital clock and carrier recovery ? on-chip pll clock generation using a low cost 10 to 16 mhz crystal (or external clock) ? 3.3/1.8 v operation ? 64 pin lqfp package ? low external component count ? commercial temperature range 0 to 70c ? external mpeg clock option demodulator ? bpsk or qpsk programmable ? optional fast acquisition mode for low symbol rates viterbi ? programmable decoder rates 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8 ? automatic spectrum resolution of iq phase ? constraint length k = 7 ? trace back depth 128 ? extensive snr and ber monitors de-interleaver ? compliant with dvb and dss standards reed-solomon ? (204, 188) for dvb and (146,130) for dss ? reed-solomon bit-error-rate monitor to indicate viterbi performance de-scrambler ? ebu specification de-scrambler for dvb mode outputs ? mpeg transport parallel & serial output ? three output clocking modes for maximum flexibility ? integrated mpeg2 tei bit processing for dvb only application support ? windows based evaluation software ? ansi-c compliant software ? a full dvb-s front-end satellite tuner reference design kit is available for evaluation, based on the schematic below (figure 4). zarlink reference zle10538
zl10313 data sheet 7 zarlink semiconductor inc. 1.0 application diagram figure 4 - typical application schematic
zl10313 data sheet 8 zarlink semiconductor inc. 2.0 functional overview 2.1 introduction zl10313 is a single-chip variable rate digital q psk/bpsk satellite demodulator and channel decoder. the zl10313 accepts base-band in-phase and quadrature anal ogue signals and delivers an mpeg or dss packet data stream. digital filtering in zl10313 removes the need for programmable external anti-alias filtering for all symbol rates from 1 - 45 msps. frequency, timing and carrier phase recovery are all digital and the only feed-back to the analogue front-end is for automatic gain control. the digital phase recove ry loop enables very fine bandwidth control that is needed to overcome perform ance degradation due to phase and thermal noise. all acquisition algorithms are built into the zl10313 cont roller. the zl10313 can be operated in a command driven control (cdc) mode by specifying the symbol rate and viterbi code rate. there is also a provision for a search for unknown symbol rates and viterbi code rates. 2.2 analogue-t o-digital converter the a/d converters sample single-en ded or differential analogue inputs and c onsist of a dual adc and circuitry to provide improved sinad (signal-nois e and distortion) and channel matching. the fixed rate sampling clock is provided on-chip using a programmable pll needing only a low cost 10 to 16 mhz crystal. different crystal frequencies can be combined with different p ll ratios, depending on the maximum symbol rate, allowing a very flexible approach to clock generation. an external clock signal in the range 4 to 16 mhz can also be used as the master clock. 2.3 qpsk demodulator the demodulator in the zl10313 consists of signal amplitude offset compensation, frequency offset compensation, decimation filtering, carrier recovery, symbol recovery and matched filter ing. the decimation filters give continuous operation from 2 mbps to 90 mbps allowing one receiver to cover the needs of the consumer market as well as the single carrier per channel (scpc) market with the same components without compromisi ng performance, that is, the channel reception is within 0.5 db fr om theory. for a given symbol rate, c ontrol algorithms on the chip detect the number of decimation stages needed and switch them in automatically. the frequency offset compensation circuitry is capable of tracking out up to 22.5 mhz frequency offset. this allows the system to cope with relatively large frequen cy uncertainties introduced by the low noise block (lnb). full control of the lnb is provided by the diseqc outp uts from the zl10313. horizontal /vertical polarization and an instruction modulated 22 khz signal are available under register control. all diseqc functions are implemented on the zl10313. an internal state machine that handles all th e demodulator functions controls the signal tracking and acquisition. various preset modes are available as well as blind acquisition where the receiver has no prior knowledge of the received signal. fast acquisition algorithms have been provided for low symbol rate applications. full interactive control of the acquisition function is po ssible for debug purposes. in the event of a signal fade or a cycle slip, the qpsk demodulator allows sufficient time for the fec to reacquire lock, for example, via a phase rotation in the viterbi decoder. this is to minimize the loss of signal due to the signal fa de. only if the fec fails to re-acquire lock for a long period (which is programmabl e) the qpsk will try to re-acquire the signal. the matched filter is a root -raised-cosine filter with either 0.20 or 0.35 roll-off, compliant with dss and dvb standards. although not a part of the dvb standard, zl10313 allows a roll-off of 0.20 to be used with other dvb parameters. an agc signal is provided to control the signal levels in the tuner section of the receiver and ensure the signal level fed to the zl10313 is set at an optimal value under all reception conditions. the zl10313 provides comprehensive information on the i nput signal and the state of the various parts of the device. this information includes signal to noise ratio (s nr), signal level, agc lock, ti ming and carrier lock signals. a maskable interrupt output is available to in form the host controller when events occur.
zl10313 data sheet 9 zarlink semiconductor inc. 2.4 forward error correction the zl10313 contains fec blocks to enable error correc tion for dvb-s and dss transmissions. the viterbi decoder block can decode the convolutional code with rate s 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 6/7 or 7/8. the block features automatic synchronization, automatic spectral inversio n resolution and automatic code rate detection. the trace back depth of 128 provides better performance at high c ode rates and the built-in sy nchronization algorithm allows the viterbi decoder to lock onto signals wi th very poor signal-to-noise ratios. a viterbi bit error rate monitor provides an indication of the error rate at the qpsk output. the 24-bit error count regi ster in the viterbi decoder allo ws the bit error rate at the output of the qpsk demodulator to be monitored. the 24-bit bit error c ount register in the reed-s olomon decoder allows the viterbi output bit error rate to be monitored. the 16-bit uncorrectable packet co unter yields information about the output packet error rate. these three monitors and the qpsk snr register allow the performan ce of the device and its individual components, such as the qpsk demodulator and the viterbi decoder, to be monitored extensively by the external microprocessor. the frame/byte align block features a sophistic ated synchronization algo rithm to ensure reliable recovery of dvb and dss framed data streams under wors t case signal conditions. the de-interleaver uses on- chip ram and is compatible with the dvb and dss algorit hms. the reed-solomon decoder is a truncated version of the (255, 239) code. the code bloc k size is 204 for dvb and 146 for dss. the decoder provides a count of the number of uncorrectable blocks as well as the number of bit errors corrected. the latter gives an indication of the bit error rate at the output of the viterbi decoder. in dvb m ode, spectrum de-scrambling is performed compatible with the dvb specification. the final output is a parallel or se rial transport data stream, packet sync, data clock and a block error signal. the data clock may be inverted under software control. 2.4.1 viterbi error count measurement a method of estimating the bit error rate at the output of the qpsk block has been provided in the viterbi decoder. the incoming data bit stream is delayed and compared wi th the re-encoded and punctured version of the decoded bit stream to obtain a count of errors, see figure 5. the measurement system has a programmable register to determine the number of data bits (the error count period ) over which the count is being recorded. a read register indicates the error count result and an interrupt can be generated to inform the host microprocessor that a new count is available. the vit_errper_register is programmed with the r equired number of data bits (the error count period) (vit_errper[7:0]). the count of errors found during this period is loaded by the zl10313 into the vit_errcnt_h-m-l trio of registers when the bit count vit_errper[7:0] is reached. at the same time an interrupt is generated on the irq line. setting the ie_fec[2] bit in the ie_fec register enables the interrupt. reading the register does not clear vit_errcnt [2 3:0], it is only loaded with the error count. figure 5 - viterbi block diagram data bit stream error count comp viterbi encoder delay viterbi decoder
zl10313 data sheet 10 zarlink semiconductor inc. figure 6 - viterbi error count measurement figure 6 shows the bit errors rising until the maximu m programmed value of vit_errper is reached, when an interrupt is generated on the irq line to advise the host microprocessor that a new value of bit error count has been loaded into the vit_errcnt [23:0] register. the irq line will go high when the ie_fec register is read by the host microprocessor. the error count may be expressed as a ratio: 2.4.1.1 viterbi error count coarse indication to assist in the process of aligning the receiver dish ae rial, a coarse indication of the number of bit errors being received can be provided by monitoring the status line with the following set up conditions. the frequency of the out put waveform will be a function of the bi t error count (triggering the maximum value programmed into the vit_maxe rr[7:0] register and the di sh alignment on the satellite. this vit_maxerr mode is enabled by setting the fec_stat_en register bit-0. fi gure 7 shows the bit errors rising to the maximum value programmed and triggering a change of state on the status line. error count vit_errcnt[23:0] vit_errper data bits irq 0 0 vit_errcnt[23:0] vit_errper[7:0] * 262144
zl10313 data sheet 11 zarlink semiconductor inc. figure 7 - viterbi error count coarse indication 2.4.2 the frame alignment block the frame alignment algorithm detects a sequence of corr ectly spaced synchronizing bytes in the viterbi decoded bit-stream and arranges the input into blocks of data byte s. each block consists of 204 bytes for dvb and 147 bytes for dss. in the dss mode, the synchronizing byte is remo ved from the data stream, so only 146 bytes of a block are passed to the next stage. the fram e alignment block also removes the 180 phase ambiguity not removed by the viterbi decoder. 2.4.3 the de-interleaver block 2.4.3.1 dvb before transmission, the data bytes are interleaved with eac h other in a cyclic pattern of twelve. this ensures the bytes are spaced out to avoid the possibility of a noise spike corrupting a group of consecutive message bytes. figure 8 below shows conceptually how the convolutional de-interleaving system works. the synchronization byte is always loaded into the first-in-fir st-out (fifo) memory in branch 0. the switch is operated at regular byte intervals to insert successively received bytes into successive branches. after 12 bytes have been received, byte 13 is written next to the synchronization byte in br anch 0, etc. in the zl10313, this de-interleaving function is realized using on-chip random access memory (ram). vit_maxerr[3:0] data bits status viterbi coarse bit error count 0 0
zl10313 data sheet 12 zarlink semiconductor inc. figure 8 - dvb conceptual diagram of th e convolutional de-interleaver block 2.4.3.2 dss before transmission, the data bytes are interleaved with each other in a cyclic pattern of thirteen. this ensures the bytes are spaced out to avoid the possibility of a noise spike corrupting a group of consecutive message bytes. figure 9 below shows conceptually how the convolutiona l de-interleaving system works. on the zl10313, this function is realized in the same random access memory (ram) as used for dvb, but utilizing a different addressing algorithm. figure 9 - dss conceptual diagram of the convolutional de-interleaver block sync word route 17x11 bytes 17x10 bytes 17x9 bytes 17x8 bytes 17x7 bytes 17x6 bytes 17x5 bytes 17x4 bytes 17x3 bytes 17x2 bytes 17x1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 one byte per position 1 0 145 output 2 input 12d 12d 12d
zl10313 data sheet 13 zarlink semiconductor inc. 2.4.4 the reed-s olomon decoder block dvb and dss data are encoded using shortened vers ions of the reed-solomon code of block length 255, containing 239 message bytes and 16 check bytes, that is (255,239) with t = 8. both encoders use the same generator polynomial. the code block size for dvb is 204 and that for dss is 146. hence dvb code is (204, 188) and dss code is (146, 130), with both having t = 8. t he block structure of the dvb and dss reed-solomon codes are as shown in figure 10 and figure 11 below. the reed-solomon decoder can correct up to eight byte er rors per packet. if there are more than eight bytes containing errors, the packet is fl agged as uncorrectable using the bkerr pin 63. in the case of dvb the transport error indicator (tei) bit of the mpeg packet is set to 1, if setting of tei is enabled. figure 10 - dvb block structure figure 11 - dvb energy dispersal conceptual diagram sync byte 187 bytes 16 check bytes reed-solomon encoded block sync byte 187 bytes mpeg transport packet 130 bytes 16 check bytes reed-solomon encoded block 130 bytes dss transport packet
zl10313 data sheet 14 zarlink semiconductor inc. 2.4.5 the energy dispersal (de-scrambler) block, dvb only before reed-solomon encoding in the dvb transmission system, the mpeg2 data stream is randomised using the configuration shown in figure 12 below. this is a ps eudo random binary sequence (prbs) generator, with the polynomial: 1 + x 14 + x 15 the prbs registers are loaded with the in itialisation sequence as shown, at the start of the first transport packet in a group of eight packets. this point is indicated by the inverted sync byte 0xb8 (the normal dvb sync byte is 0x47). the data starting with the first byte after the sync byte ar e randomised by exclusive-oring data bits with the prbs (the sync bytes themselves are not randomised). in th e decoder, the process of de-randomising or de-scrambling the data is exactly the same as described above. the de-s crambler also inverts the sy nc byte 0xb8 so that all mpeg output packets have the same sync byte 0x47. figure 12 - dvb energy dispersal conceptual diagram 2.4.6 output stage the transport stream can be output in a byte-parallel or bit-serial mode. the output interface consists of an 8-bit output, output clock, a packet validation level, a packet start pulse and a block error indicator. the output clock rate depends on the symbol rate, qpsk/bpsk choice, convol utional (viterbi) coding rate, dvb/dss choice and byte-parallel or bi t-serial output mode. this rate is co mputed by zl10313 to be very close to the minimum required to output packet data without packet overlap. furt hermore, the packets at the output of zl10313 are as evenly spaced as possible to minimize packet position movement in the transport layer. the maximum movement in the packet synchronization by te position is limited to 1 output clock period. 2.5 control automatic symbol rate search, code rate search, signal acqu isition and signal tracking algorithms are built into the zl10313 using a sophisticated on-chip controller. the software interaction with the device is via a simple command driven control (cdc) interface. this cdc maps high leve l inputs such as symbol rates in msps and frequencies in mhz, to low level on-chip register settings. the on-chip control state machine and the cdc significantly reduces the software overhead as well as the channel search times. th ere is also an option for the host processor to by-pass both the cdc as well as the on-chip controller and take direct control of the qpsk demodulator. once the zl10313 has locked to the signal, any frequency offset can be read from the lnb_freq error registers 7 and 8. the frequency synthesiser under the software control can be re-tuned in frequency to optimise the received signal within the baseband filter bandwidth. note that zl1031 3 compensates for any frequency offsets before qpsk 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 100 0 0 0000000 1 11 xor initialisation sequence
zl10313 data sheet 15 zarlink semiconductor inc. demodulation. hence a frequency offset will not necessarily lead to a performance loss. performance loss will occur only if a significant part of the signal is cut off by the base-band filter, due to this frequency offset. this will happen only if the symbol rate is close to the maximum support ed by that filter. in such an event it is recommended that front-end be re-tuned to neutralise this error before the filter. it is then necessary for the zl10313 to re-acquire the signal. the zl10313 can generate control signals to enable full cont rol of the dish and lnb. the chip implements the signals needed for the full diseqc spec ification. this includes high/low band selection, polarization and dish position. in this mode, the symbol rate in msps and viterbi code rate are the only values needed to start the zl10313 searching for the signal. the cdc module maps t he high level parameters into the various low level register settings needed to acquire a nd track the signal. the low level regist ers may be read and directly modified to suit very specific requirements. however, this is not recommended. figure 13 - zl10313 control structure 2.5.1 symbol rate and code rate search mode where the symbol rate and/or the viterbi code rate ar e unknown, the zl10313 can be programmed to search for qpsk/bpsk signals. the user should defin e the range(s) over whic h the search is required. the zl10313 will then locate and track any signal detected. failure to find a qpsk signal in the specified frequency and specified symbol rate ranges will be indicated by inte rrupts. zl10313 will carry on searching these r anges after issuing these interrupts. when the zl10313 has locked onto a signal, the sy mbol rate in msps may be read from the monitor registers. the viterbi code rate may be read from the fec_status register. this search facility is primarily for use during the initial installation of a receiver. 2.6 diseqc transmit and receive messages the zl10313 has the capability to send and receive di seqc messages. eight register s are provided to store a message for transmission and a further eight registers are provided to store a received message. the received bytes have a parity bit and a parity error bit in addition to the eight data bits. these ad ditional bits are read out in sequence following the data bits, so two byte reads are required for each data byte. 2.6.1 diseqc transmitting messages the sequence of events to send a message are as follows: 1. load the required message bytes into the diseqc instruction register. sequential writes to the same register are achieved by setting the inhibit auto incrementing (iai) bit 7 in radd, the register address byte. 2. load the number of bytes (less one) in the di seqc instruction in the register dis_mode[5:3]. command driven control zl10313 format registers acquisition/ track state machine qpsk low level register read/write high level input/output (msps, mhz)
zl10313 data sheet 16 zarlink semiconductor inc. 3. set dis_mode[2:0] = 4 to command the zl10313 to encode the data and transmit the message. 4. reset dis_mode[2:0] to either 0 or 1 depending on previous setting of 22 khz off or on. the data loaded into the diseqc_instr register is retained, so that if the sa me message is to be repeated, stage 1 above can be omit- ted. 2.6.2 diseqc receiving messages the zl10313 will automatically listen for diseqc messages 5 ms after a message has been transmitted. if a return message is expected, the dis_mode[2:0] must be set to zero in order to leave the lnb control signal free for another diseqc transmitter to respond. the sequence of events to receive a message are as follows: 1. ensure that diseqc2/gpp2 pin 2 is an input by setting gpp_ctrl register address-20 bit-5 to zero. 2. enable interrupts if the irq pin 43 is used to interrupt the host pr ocessor in diseqc2_ctrl1 register 121. 3. monitor dis_int register. 4. if bit-3 = 1 and bit-1 = 0, there has been no message received. 5. if a message has been received , bit-0 will be set. if bit-1 is also set the message is comple te. dis_int register bits-7-4 indicate how many bytes have been received. 6. read the received message from dis_fifo register 120 by setting the inhibit auto incrementing (iai) bit-7 in radd, the register address byte and sequentially reading dis_fifo for the indicated number of bytes. each data byte read requires two 2-wire bus reads. the second or the pair of bytes contains the parity bit and a parity bit error indicator. the user may choose to wait for the end of message indica tion, before reading the message, if it is known that the message is not greater than eight bytes. however, if t he length of message is not known, the message should be read out of the fifo by the host as it is being received. care must be taken to avoid a fifo buffer overflow. dis_int register bits-7-4 will indicate how many bytes remain in the fifo. 3.0 microprocessor control 3.1 radd: 2-wire register address (w) radd is the internal 2-wire bus regist er address. it is the first byte writ ten after the zl10313 2-wire bus address when in write mode. to write to the chip, the bus master should send a st art condition and the chip address with the write bit set, followed by the register address where subsequent data byte s are to be written. finall y, when the 'message' has been sent, a stop condition is sent to free the bus. to read from the chip from register address zero, t he bus master should send a start condition and the chip address with the read bit set, followed by the requisite nu mber of clocks to read the bytes out. finally a stop condition is sent to free the bus. radd is not sent in this case. to read from the chip from an address other than zero, the bus master should send the chip address with the write bit set, followed by the register address from where s ubsequent data bytes are to be read. then the bus master should send a repeat start condition and the chip address wi th the read bit set, followed by the requisite number of clk1 clocks to read the required by tes out. finally a stop condition is sent to free the bus. a stop condition resets the radd value to 00.
zl10313 data sheet 17 zarlink semiconductor inc. radd (virtual register, address none) bit-7: iai high = i nhibit auto increment low = increment addresses bits 6-0: ad[6:0] register address, num bers in the range 0 to 127 are allowed when the register address is incremented to 127 it stops and the bus will co ntinue to write to or read from register 127 until a stop condition is sent. 3.2 primary 2-wire bus interface the primary 2-wire bus serial interface uses pins: data1 (pin 11) serial data, the mo st significant bit is sent first. clk1 (pin 10) serial clock. the 2-wire bus address is determined by applying vdd or gnd to the addr[4:1] pins while the three msbs of the address are internally set to ?0?. for compatibility with earlier devices, the 2-wire bus address will normally be 0001 110 r/w and the pins connected as follows: when the zl10313 is powered up, the reset pin 1 should be maintained low for typically 100 ms after vdd and cvdd have reached normal operation levels, and the sleep pin 9 has gone low. this is to ensure that the crystal oscillator and internal pll have become fully established an d that the internal reset signal is fully clocked into all parts of the circuit. as the reset pin is pulled high, the logic levels on addr[4 :1] are latched to become the 2-wire bus address ad[6:0]. the circuit works as a slave transmitter with the eighth bit se t high or as a slave receiver with the eighth bit set low. in receive mode, the first data byte is written to the radd virtual register, which forms the regist er sub-address. bit 7 of the radd register, iai is an inhibit auto incr ement function. when the iai bit is set high, the automatic incrementing of register addresses is i nhibited. iai set low is the normal sit uation so that data bytes sent on the 2-wire bus after the radd register dat a are loaded into successive registers. this automa tic incrementing feature avoids the need to individually address each register. following a valid chip address, the 2-wire bus stop comma nd resets the radd register to 00. if the chip address is not recognised, the zl10313 will igno re all activity until a valid chip address is received. the 2-wire bus start command does not reset the radd register to 00. this allows a combined 2-wire bus message to point to a particular read register with a writ e command, followed immediately with a read data command. if required, this could next be followed with a write command to continue fr om the latest address. finally a stop command should be sent to free the bus. when the 2-wire bus is addressed (after a recognised stop command) with the read bit se t, the first byte read out will be the content of register 00. name adr bit-7 bit-6 bit-5 bit-4 bit-3 bit-2 bit-1 bit-0 def hex radd n/a iai ad6 ad5 ad4 ad3 ad2 ad1 ad0 w- addr[4] addr[3] addr[2] addr[1] vdd vdd vdd gnd
zl10313 data sheet 18 zarlink semiconductor inc. 3.3 secondary 2-wire bus for tuner control the zl10313 has a general purpose port that can be config ured to provide a secondary 2-wire bus with full bi- directional operation. when pass -through is enabled, a transparent connecti on is made to the tuner. this innovative design simplifies the software required to program the tuner. pass-through mode is selected by setti ng register (20) gpp_ctrl[bit-6] = 1. the allocation of the pins is: data2 = pin14, clk2 = pin 15. 4.0 electrical characteristics 4.1 recommended operating conditions 4.2 absolute maximum ratings note 1: stresses exceeding these listed under 'absolute ratings' may induce failure. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may reduce reliability. functionality at or ab ove these conditions is not implied. parameter symbol min. typ. max. units core power supply voltage cvdd 1.71 1.8 1.89 v periphery power supply voltage vdd 3.13 3.3 3.47 v input clock frequency (note 1 & 2 ) 1. when not using a crystal, xti may be driven from an external source over the frequency range shown. 2. the upper limit is set by diseqc requirements. if diseqc is not required, then external frequencies up to 27.00 mhz can be used. fxt1 3.99 22.66 mhz crystal oscillator frequency fxt2 9.99 16.01 mhz clk1 clock frequency 3 (with 10 mhz or above) 3. the maximum serial clock speed on the primary 2-wire bus is related to the input clock frequency and is limited to 100 khz wi th a 4.0 mhz clock. fclk1 400 khz ambient operating temperature 0 70 c parameter symbol min. max. unit power supply vdd -0.3 4.5 v cvdd -0.3 2.3 voltage on input pins (5 v rated) vi -0.3 6.5 v voltage on input pins (3.3 v rated) vi -0.3 vdd + 0.5 v voltage on input pins (1.8 v rated, e.g., xti ) vi -0.3 cvdd + 0.5 v voltage on output pins (5 v rated) vo -0.3 5.5 v voltage on output pins (3.3 v rated) vo -0.3 vdd + 0.5 v voltage on output pins (1.8 v rated, e.g., xto) vo -0.3 cvdd + 0.5 v storage temperature tstg -55 150 c operating ambient temperature top 0 70 c junction temperature tj 125 c esd protection (human body model) 2 kv
zl10313 data sheet 19 zarlink semiconductor inc. 4.3 primary 2-wire bus timing figure 14 - primary 2-wire bus timing where: s = start sr = restart, i.e., start without stopping first. p = stop parameter: primary 2-wire bus only symbol value unit min. max. clk1 clock frequency (for xti 10mhz) f clk 0400khz bus free time between a stop and start condition t buf 1300 ns hold time (repeated) start condition t hd;sta 600 ns low period of clk1 clock t low 1300 ns high period of clk1 clock t high 600 ns set-up time for a repeated start condition t su;sta 600 ns data hold time (when input) t hd;dat 0ns data set-up time t su;dat 100 ns rise time of both clk1 and data1 signals t r 20+0.1cb 1 1. cb = the total capacitance on either clock or data line in pf. 300 2 2. the rise time depends on the external bus pull up resistor and bus capacitance. ns fall time of both clk1 and data1 signals, (100pf to ground) t f 20+0.1cb 1 300 ns set-up time for a stop condition t su;sto 600 ns table 1 - primary 2-wire bus timing
zl10313 data sheet 20 zarlink semiconductor inc. 4.4 crystal specification parallel resonant fundamental frequency (preferred) 9.99 to 16.01 mhz. tolerance over operating temperature range 25 ppm. tolerance overall 50 ppm. nominal load capacitance 30 pf. equivalent series resistance <75 ? figure 15 - crystal oscillator circuit note: the crystal frequency should be chosen to ensure t hat the system clock would marginally exceed the maximum symbol rate required, e.g. 10.111 mhz with a multiplier of x9 will give a 91 mhz system clock to guarantee 45 msps operation. 4.5 electrical characteristics conditions (unless specified otherwis e):tamb = 25c cvdd = 1.8 v vdd = 3.3 v dc electrical ch aracteristics parameter conditions/pin symbol min. typ. max. unit core voltage cvdd 1.71 1.8 1.89 v peripheral voltage vdd 3.13 3.3 3.47 v core current 45 msps cr 7/8 91 mhz system clock cidd 165 ma peripheral current idd 7 ma to ta l p o w e r (91 mhz system clock) ptot1 320 mw total power (stand- by) adcs powered down. mpeg outputs tri-stated ptot2 1 2.2 mw total power (sleep) pin 9 = logic ?1? adcs powered down ptot3 1 0.35 mw output low level 2, 6 or 12 ma per output (see section 4.6, zl10313 pinout description) vol 0.4 v output high level 2, 6 or 12 ma per output voh 2.4 v output leakage tri-state when off or open-drain when high 1 a
zl10313 data sheet 21 zarlink semiconductor inc. output capacitance all outputs except xto, clk1 & open- drain types. excludes packaging contribution (~0.35 pf) 2.7 pf open-drain outputs. excludes packaging contribution (~0.35 pf) 3.3 pf input low level vil 0.8 v input high level vih 2.0 v input leakage vin = 0 or vdd 1 a input capacitance excludes packaging contribution (~0.35 pf) 1.5 pf 1. for minimum power, mpeg outputs should be tristated and adcs powered down. ac electrical ch aracteristics parameter conditions/pin min. typ. max. unit adc full-scale input single range (single-ended or differential) differential source is recommended 0.5 1.0 vpp adc analog input resistance per input pin 10 k ? adc analog input capacitance per input pin 2 pf adc input common mode voltage level 0.7 1.7 v system clock frequency 30.00 100 mhz input clock frequency (note 1 and 2 ) 1. when not using a crystal, xti may be driven from an external source over the frequency range shown. 2. the upper limit is set by diseqc requirements. if diseqc is not required, then external frequencies up to 27.00 mhz can be us ed. 3.99 22.66 mhz crystal oscillator frequency see sect ion 4.4 for details 9.99 16.01 mhz clk1 clock frequency 3 (with 10 mhz xtal or above) 3. the maximum serial clock speed on the primary 2-wire bus is related to the input clock frequency and is limited to 100 khz wi th a 4.0 mhz clock. 400 khz mpeg clock input frequency on ei ther pin #2 or pin #43 note 4 4. must be calculated from the data input rate. 65 5 5. also subject to system clock limitations. mhz dc electrical charact eristics (continued) parameter conditions/pin symbol min. typ. max. unit
zl10313 data sheet 22 zarlink semiconductor inc. 4.6 zl10313 pinout description pin description table pin name description i/o note v ma 1 reset active low reset input i cmos 1 5 2 diseqc[2] diseqc input for level 2 control. also usable as gpp2 (general purpose port pin) for other purposes, and as miclk - external clock input for mpeg data. i/o open drain 1 56 3 diseqc[1] horizontal/vertical lnb control (acts as input only in production test modes) i/o cmos 3.3 2 4 diseqc[0] 22 khz output to lnb (acts as input only in production test modes) i/o cmos 3.3 2 9 sleep stops oscillator and sets minimum power levels to entire device (except adcs - register controlled power-down) i cmos 3.3 10 clk1 primary 2-wire serial bus clock i cmos 1 5 11 data1 primary 2-wire serial bus data i/o open drain 1 56 14 data2 secondary 2-wire bus data to tuner front end. also usable as gpp1 (general purpose port pin) for other purposes. i/o open drain 1 56 15 clk2 secondary 2-wire bus clock to tuner front end. also usable as gpp0 (general purpose port pin) for other purposes. i/o open drain 1 56 16 oscmode controls oscillator mode to suit crystal or external signal i cmos 3.3 19 xti crystal input or external reference clock input i cmos 1.8 20 xto crystal output, includes in ternal feedback resistor to xti i/o cmos 1.8 24 iin i channel input i analog 25 iin i channel negative input i analog 29 qin q channel negative input i analog 30 qin q channel input i analog 35,36,37 38 addr[1:4] primary 2-wire bus address defining pins i cmos 3.3 41 agc agc sigma-delta output (acts as input only in production test modes) i/o open drain 1 56 42 test for normal operation, this pi n must be held at 0 v. i cmos 3.3 43 irq active low interrupt output. reading all active interrupt registers resets th is pin. can also be defined as miclk - external clock input for mpeg data i/o open drain 1 56 46 mostrt mpeg output start signal. high during the first byte of a packet. o cmos tri-state 3.3 2
zl10313 data sheet 23 zarlink semiconductor inc. note 1: 5 v tolerant pins with thresholds related to 3.3 v. 47 moval mpeg data output valid. high during the moclk cycles when valid data bytes are being output. o cmos tri-state 3.3 2 48,49,52 ,53,56, 57,60,61 mdo[0:7] mpeg transport packet data output bus. can be tri- stated under control of a register bit. o cmos tri-state 3.3 2 62 moclk mpeg clock output at the data byte rate. o cmos tri-state 3.3 12 63 bkerr active low uncorrectable bl ock indicator or no-signal indicator. mode selected by err_ind bit (#7) of the mon_ctrl register. can also be inverted. o cmos tri-state 3.3 2 64 status status output. register defined function including audio frequency proportional to ber (acts as input only in production test modes) i/o cmos 3.3 2 5, 39, 55 vdd peripheral supply pins. all pins must be connected. 3.3 27 vdd peripheral supply pin used for the adc. 3.3 7, 12, 44, 50, 59 cvdd core supply pins. all pins must be connected. 1.8 17, 22, 32, 34 cvdd pll/adc supply pins. all pins must be connected. 1.8 6, 8, 13, 40, 45 51, 54, 58 gnd ground supply pins. all pins must be connected. 0 18, 21, 23 26, 28, 31, 33 gnd pll/adc ground supply pins. all pins must be connected. 0 pin description table pin name description i/o note v ma
zl10313 data sheet 24 zarlink semiconductor inc. 4.7 alphabetical listing of pin-out 5.0 references 1. european digital video broadcast standard, ets 300 421 (a1) version 1.1.2 - 1997-08. ets secretariat 06921 sophia antipolis cedex france. 2. digital satellite equipment control (diseqc) diseqc? bus specification version 4.2 (february 25, 1998) eutelsat european telecommunications satellite organisation 70, rue balard - 75502 paris cedex 15 france. 6.0 trademarks diseqc? is a trademark of eutelsat. name no. name no. name no. name no. addr[1] 35 cvdd 59 gnd 40 moclk 62 addr[2] 36 data1 11 gnd 45 mostrt 46 addr[3] 37 data2 14 gnd 51 moval 47 addr[4] 38 diseqc[0] 4 gnd 54 oscmode 16 agc 41 diseqc[1] 3 gnd 58 qin 29 bkerr 63 diseqc[2] 2 iin 24 qin 30 clk1 10 gnd 6 iin 25 reset 1 clk2 15 gnd 8 irq 43 sleep 9 cvdd 7 gnd 13 mdo[0] 48 status 64 cvdd 12 gnd 18 mdo[1] 49 te s t 42 cvdd 17 gnd 21 mdo[2] 52 vdd 5 cvdd 22 gnd 23 mdo[3] 53 vdd 27 cvdd 32 gnd 26 mdo[4] 56 vdd 39 cvdd 34 gnd 28 mdo[5] 57 vdd 55 cvdd 44 gnd 31 mdo[6] 60 xti 19 cvdd 50 gnd 33 mdo[7] 61 xto 20

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